New York Court of Appeals
The People of the State of New York v. . Charles Kibler
July 1, 1887106 N.Y. 321
Summary
The Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction of Charles Kibler for selling adulterated milk, holding that the statutes making knowledge and intent irrelevant to the offense are constitutional and that the prosecution need only prove the milk was below the statutory standard, while any exception such as skimmed milk must be proved by the defendant.