State of Arizona v. Dale Lee Evans

Summary

The court held that the Fourth Amendment does not require the State to show that circumstances giving rise to a vehicle stop eliminate a substantial portion of the innocent motoring public. Reasonable suspicion is determined from the totality of the circumstances and requires a particularized, objective basis for suspecting criminal activity, but officers need not rule out innocent explanations or provide separate testimony about the effect on innocent travelers. The court therefore affirmed the denial of Evans's suppression motion and the decisions below.